Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda

Roopashree, S.D., Ho, B., Ding, J.L. Expression of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Factor C in Pichia pastoris. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 5 (1996) 334-343. 

Kanchanapongkul J, Krittayapoositpot P. An epidemic of tetrodotoxin poisoning following ingestion of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 26 364-367, 1995. 

Fusentani, N., Endo, H., Hashimoto, K., and Takahashi, K. 1982. Occurrence of potent toxins in the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Toxicon 20, 662-664. 

Kungsuwan, A., Nagashima, Y., Noguchi, T., Shida, Y., Suvapeepan, S., Suwansakomkul, P., and Hashimoto, K. 1987. Tetrodotoxin in the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda inhabiting Thailand. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53, 261-266. 

Trishnananda, M., Tuchinda, C., Yipinsoi, T., and Oonsombat, P. 1966. Poisoning following the ingestion of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Report of four cases in Thailand. 

Fusetani, N., H. Endo, K. Hashimoto, and K. Takahashi Occurrence of Potent Toxins in the Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Toxicon 20, 662 (1982). 

Several species of crabs are rendered toxic by the presence of okadaic acid esters, tetrodotoxin or related derivatives, such as 11-oxotetrodotoxin (6S) and 11-nor-tetrodotoxin-6(R)-ol (Llewellyn and Davie, 1987 Arakawa et al., 1994 Miyazawa and Noguchi, 2001 Oikawa et al, 2004 Torgersen, Aasen, and Aune, 2005). The same is true for the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda of Cambodian origin, which can be rendered toxic by tetrodotoxin (Ngy et al, 2007). 

Ngy, L., Yu, C.-E., Takatani, T., and Arakawa, O. (2007) Toxicity assessment for the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda collected from Cambodia. Toxicon, 49, 843-847. 

Poisonings due to ingestion of horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicaudd) eggs have occasionally been reported in Thailand (Smith, 1933 Tiammeth, 1953 Trishnananda et al, 1966). The symptoms of the victims were mostly similar to these caused by TTX or paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs). The responsible toxin was identified as PSP as the major toxin, with a minor unknown toxin (Fusetani et al, 1982, 1983). C. rotundicauda toxin was known to consist of mainly TTX, anhydroTTX, and only a small amount of saxitoxin (STX) and neosaxitoxin (neoSTX) (Kungsuwan et al, 1987). 

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