Carbonium ion chemistry

Koptyug, V. A. Contemporary Problems in Carbonium Ion Chemistry III Arenium Ions — Structure and Reactivity. 122, 1-245 (1984). 

In normal carbonium-ion chemistry, reaction proceeds from a precursor with a tetrahedral carbon capable of asymmetry hence, the stereochemistry of displacement in an aliphatic system can be ascertained by observation of the fate of the chiral center from reactant to product. An ethylenic system, of course, has no such chiral center, and hence there can be no change in optical configuration as the reaction proceeds. However, the stereochemistry of vinylic displacement and hence the symmetry and geometry of the intermediate can be... 

A reaction that offers a closer parallel to the neighboring group effect of carbonium ion chemistry is a possible concerted mechanism for the Michael rearrangement ... 

Shubin, V. G. Contemporary Problems in Carbonium Ion Chemistry II. 1161117, 267-341 (1984). Siegel, H. Lithium Halocarbenoids Carbanions of High Synthetic Versatility. 106, 55-78 (1982). Steudel, R. HomocycUc Sulfur Molecules. 102, 149-176 (1982). 

K, J. Morgan, and F. J. Chloupek Structural effects in solvolytic reactions. I. The role of equilibrating cations in carbonium ion chemistry. Nature of the intermediates involved in the solvolysis of symmetrically substituted 3-phcnylethyl derivatives. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 87, 2137 (1965). 

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