Carbon shadowing

To put this number in context, it amounts to half the estimated total cumulative carbon emissions from all fossil fuel use globally over the past 250 years If we build any significant fraction of this new capacity in a manner that does not enable capture of its co2 emissions we will be creating a carbon shadow that will darken the lives of those who follow us.26... 

The carbon shadow is not merely the long lifetime of coal plants (many decades) but also the long lifetime of heat-trapping co2 in the atmosphere (more than a century). 

Fig. 2.2 The size and shape of powder particles can be detected by spraying a small amount of a well-dispersed particle suspension on a collodion-coated glass slide and carbon shadowing the surface at a low angle ( 23°). From Ceramic Processing Before Firing, eds. Onoda and Hench. 1978 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Figure 2 Lamellar morphology of epitaxially crystallized iPP in the p phase onto a crystal of dicyclohexylterephtalamide. As in Figure 1(a), the rectangular substrate crystal has been dissolved away, leaving the bulk, which is the basis of the nucleation efficiency of this additive. Election micrograph, platinum-carbon shadowing. (Reproduce from [6], with permission.)...

FIG. 13 TEM micrograph of a hollow composite nanoparticle/polymer capsule dried on a carbon grid. The hollow composite capsule was obtained after removal of the ME core from Si02/PDAD-MAC-coated ME particles by treatment with hydrochloric acid. The shadowing seen is a result of collapse and overlapping of the hollow capsule upon drying. (From Ref. 110.)... 

Fig 1. Electron micrograph of a platinum/carbon replica prepared by the fast-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-shadow replica technique printed in reverse contrast. Cell walls of onion parenchyma have an elaborate structure with many thin fibres bridging between thicker cellulosic microfibrils. Scale bar represents 200nm. 

The samples of BR-reconstituted vesicle (100 pg BR/1.5 mM lipid) were quick-frozen using the technique of Heuser [23], and fractured in a Balzers BAF 400D freeze-fracture apparatus (Balzers, Liechtenstein). The replicas were obtained by rotary shadowing with platinum/carbon of ca. 7 nm thick and carbon of ca. 25 nm, and then examined in a Philips CM200 Ultra Twin electron microscope at 200 kV. 

Figure 46. Electron micrograph of a Rec-A-protein-coated catenane produced by Tn3 resol vase, shadowed at an angle of 7° with carbon platinum. The scale bar equals 1000 A (120). (Reproduced by kind permission from Nature, Vol. 304, 559. Copyright 1983 by Macmillan Journals, Ltd.)...

Fig. 16a,b. a Surface pressure - area/molecule isotherms of Langmuir films of (PS)2so (RPVP+I )24o, where the P4VP block was quaternized with different n-alkyliodides R = Cj, C4, Q, Cio- b Metal shadowed TEM micrographs of the LB films of P(S26o-b-VP7i/C101) deposited on a carbon-coated surface at 2 mN/m from a pure water surface [149]... 

Figure 3. Electron micrograph of evaporated Pt-Pd alloy particles. Carbon particles are shadowed (y lSOflOO).

Figure 4. Electron micrograph of evaporated W particles. A carbon particle is shadowed (y.150,000).

Figure 6.1 View of the structure of [ Zr(NMe2i4l2l" showing the dimeric (ZrCy core. Zirconium and nitrogen atoms are shown as black spheres and carbon atoms are depicted in white shadow. Selected bond lengths Zrl-NI 2.22, Zr1-N2 2.45, Zr1-N3 2.11, Zrl-N4 2.05, Zr1-N5 2.05, Zr2-N6 2.05, Zr2-N7 2.05, Zr2-N8 2.10 A...

Figure 6.3 Illustration of the three-coordinate complex [Co N(SiMe3)2 3]. Cobalt and nitrogen atoms are shown as black spheres, silicon atoms are grey and carbon atoms are given in white shadow. The Co-N bond length is 1.87A...

Figure 6.5 The structure of a four-coordinate molybdenum amido/nitride [MoN(NPh2)3]. " Molybdenum and nitrogen atoms are shown as black spheres and carbon are given in white shadow. Selected bond lengths Mo-NI 1.63, Mo-N2 2.00, Mo-N3 1.99, Mo-N4 2.00A...

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