Carbon ring electrode ultrasmall

INTRACELLULAR VOLTAMMETRY WITH ULTRASMALL CARBON RING ELECTRODES... 

Carbon ring electrodes with structurally ultrasmall tip diameters were fabricated as described elsewhere. Electrodes with 3-5 pm tip diameters were used for intracellular voltammetry. Electrodes used for characterization ranged from 3 to 15 im in tip diameter. 

Voltammetry of dopamine at a 4 pm tip diameter carbon ring electrode is shown in Figure 3. A key feature of this electrode is the useful dynamic range for dopamine concentration measurement (micromolar to milli-molar). Additionally, sigmoidal shaped voltammograms are observed at moderate scan rates as expected for ultrasmall electrodes . 

Intracellular Voltammetry with Ultrasmall Carbon Ring Electrodes... 

There has been intense interest recently in the development of ultrasmall electrodes for voltammetry - . However, very few of these electrodes have small structural supports in addition to small electroactive area. We have used carbon deposition by hydrocarbon pyrolysis to fabricate ultrasmall ring-shaped carbon electrodes . Although hydrocarbon pyrolysis has been used to construct carbon electrodes , the novel aspect of our work is the fabrication of structurally ultrasmall electrodes. 

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