Carbon oxides Charge distribution

This section has attempted to delineate the possible ways in which CO activation can be achieved by discrete metal complexes in order that homogeneous catalysis of CO reactions can be better understood. Principal means of activation are by significant bond order reduction and/or development of reactive charge distributions on the coordinated carbonyl. Oxidation or reduction of the CO ligand will transpire at carbon, and the primary mode of attack at that site will be by nucleophiles. 

The three isomeric 1,2,4-triazine A-oxides can be employed as substrates in reactions with nucleophilic reagents. However, they are specific with respect to the fact that two opposing factors affect charge distribution in their molecules. The electron-withdrawing ability of the N-oxide function seems to activate the ring carbon atoms for a nucleophilic attack... 

A study of the H chemical shifts of 2,3,6-trimethylquinoxaIine in carbon tetrachloride, trifluoroacetic acid, and fluorosulfonic acid indicated that the carbocyclic ring participates in the positive charge distribution to the extent of about 25-30% in the mono-protonated species and 15-20% in the d/-protonated quinoxaline. 2,3-Diphenyl-quinoxaline forms a stable monocation in trifluoroacetic acid, as indicated by the downfield hydrogen signals in this solvent, compared to those in CH Clj. The NMR spectra of quinoxaline i-oxide, 1,4-dioxide and the A-oxides of 2- and 3-substituted quinoxalines have been reported. Analysis of the chemical shift values of quinoxaline-... 

Graphite bisulfates are formed by heating graphite with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. In the reaction, the graphite planes are partially oxidized. There is approximately one positive charge for every 24 carbon atoms, and the HS04 anions are distributed between the planes, (a) What effect is this oxidation likely to have on the electrical conductivity (b) What effect would you expect it to have on the x-ray diffraction pattern observed for this material Refer to Major Technique 3 on x-ray diffraction, which follows this set of exercises. 

---