Carbon-nitrogen bond forming reactions intramolecular cyclization

Intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization, the addition of an N-H bond across an intramolecular carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, offers an efficient, atom economical route to nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecules (Equation 8.37). Numerous organolanthanide complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for this transformation [124, 125]. The real active intermediates are organolanthanide amides, which are formed by the rapid protonolysis reactions of precatalysts with amine substrates. The proposed catalytic cycle of hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes is presented in Figure 8.37 [124]. 

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