Carbon nanofoam

Garcia-Martinez J, Lancaster TM, Ying JY (2008) Synthesis and catalytic applications of self-assembled carbon nanofoams. Adv Mater 20 288-292... 

Carbon foam, a novel class of synthetic porous a-C, was developed by Pekala (1989) (Girgis et al., 2011 Pekala et al., 1992). Carbon foam classified as xerogel, aerogel, and cryogel is more electrically conductive than most activated carbons (Pandolfo and Hollenkamp, 2006). Rode et al. (2000) discovered a new form of carbon called carbon nanofoam with a rich fraction of sp bonding. However, the properties... 

Figure 12.7 SEM images of carbon nanofoam produced at 700 °C. Carbon particles with a relatively uniform particle size, produced at 700 °C, are bonded together, forming an interconnected structure (Zhang and Sun, 2007).

Lytle, J.C., Wallace, J.M., Sassin, M.B., Barrow, A.J., Long, J.W., Dysart, J.L., Rolison, D.R., 2011. The right kind of interior for multifunctional electrode architectures carbon nanofoam papers with aperiodic submicrometre pore networks. Energy Environmental Science 4 (5), 1913-1925. 

Rode, A.V., Elbman, R.G., Gamaly, E.G., Veinger, A.I., Christy, A.G., Hyde, S.T., Luther-Davies, B., 2002. Electronic and magnetic properties of carbon nanofoam produced by high-repetition-rate laser ablation. Appbed Surface Science 197, 644—649. 

Other recently discovered allotropes include a nanofoam—z web of light magnetic carbon clusters, lonsdaleite—a sort of disfigured hexagonal diamond lattice, and an aggregated diamond nanorod. 

Measurements on different fullerene phases variable temperature studies comparison with other carbon forms Static and MAS measurements, variable temperature studies, relaxation studies, and so on, in materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanohorns, nanofoam, and carbon onion particles Static, SPE/MAS, or CP/MAS measurements on pure or hydrogenated carbon films differentiation between sp and sp carbon species studies on chemical homogeneity of the films... 

Lytle et al. (2011) developed an a-C nanofoam/carbon fiber composite. This novel composite is a device-ready electrode that does not require conductive additives for the electrode fabrication with improved mechanical and electronic properties because the carbon fiber scaffolding imparts physical reinforcement, flexibility, and additional conductive pathways. a-C nanofoam/carbon fiber composites are device-ready electrode structures that are suitable for application in electrochemical capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and ultrafiltration. 

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