Carbon healing value

M = equilibrium moisture, i. VM - volatile matter, S) PC = fixed carbon.St A - ash. sf S - sulfur. % Btu = high healing value. Btu per pound Rank FC = dry. mineral matter free fixed carbon. 51 Rank Blu — moist, mineral-matter-foee Blu per pound. 

Highly poisonous, odorless, colorless, tasteless gas. Very flammable, burns in air with a bright blue flame. Ignition pt in air 700. mp-205.0. bp-191.5°. d - M (liq) 0.814. d (gas) 0.968 (air — 1.000). dg at 760 mm 1.250 g/liter. The top pressure is 1500 psi. Flammable limits in air 12 to 75 vol %. Crit press 35 atm, crit temp — 139. Heat capacity at 20° 6.95 cal/mole/ C. Heal value per m3 3033 keal. Heat of formation — 26.39 kcal/mol. Dec into carbon and carhon dioxide between 400 and 700°, at lower temp when in contact with catalytic surfaces. Above 800° the equilibrium reaction favors CO formation. Hopcalite, a mixture of the oxides of manganese and copper, catalyzes the decompn at room temp, as does Pd on silica gel. Sparingly sol in water 3.3 ml /100 ml HjO at O 2.3 ml/100 ml HjO at 2(T freely absorbed by a coned soln of cuprous chloride in HC1 or in NHjOH. Appreciably sol in some organic solvents, such as ethyl acetate. CHCI. acetic acid- The soly in methanol and ethanol is about 7 times as great as the soly in water. 

The values of the mesopore volumes and radii and the value of the fiactal dimension, are convergent, as for the size order, with the corresponding values obtained during studies of the structure AI2O3 [64], Values of pore volume near 2 nm have the highest intensity in this curve. The concentration of mesopores decreases with increase of their radius. The observed shape of the pore-size distribution curve is typical for most industrial mesoporous adsorbents. For example, this shape is similar to that found from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherms on various activated carbons by using the Dollimore-Heal method [63]. 

Figure 13.8 shows changes in IJIq of MWCNTs after varions oxidation treatments in comparison to as-received and vacnnm annealed (1800°C) MWCNT. Air oxidation at temperatures around 400°C removes amorphons carbon impurities without damaging the CNTs, while air oxidation at temperatures above 500°C and acid treatments increase the number of defects, leading to lower and higher IJIq values, respectively. Vacuum annealing heals defects in the wall structure, as indicated by the substantial reduction in IJIq. 

---