Carbodiimide principle

The coupling chemistries that have been widely used in organic chemistry for producing chemical bonds have been applied to form irreversible and stable nanoparticle arrays on surfaces. Eychmriller et al. used the carbodiimide coupling chemistry to covalently assemble carboxylate-functionalized CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) onto amino-terminated glass surfaces, which resulted in densely covered nanoparticle films.14 The same principle was also applied to coat Si02 microparticles by CdTe NCs. 

Usually, biomodification of S(M)WNTs electrodes occurs by carbodiimide coupling chemistry when the amine groups of the biomolecules (DNA, proteins, enzymes) are coupled to the carboxylate moieties of nanotubes in aqueous solution. Based on this principle, cytochrome C, ferritin, catalase, GOX, azurin were immobilized on SWNTs. In this case, biomolecular coverage... 

On the basis of the isoelectronic principle interpolating between the C chemical shifts of allene (Z = 6) (6 = 212.6 ppm relative to TMS) and carbon dioxide 204 (Z = 8) (5c = 125 ppm (93)) one would expect the C chemical shift of carbodiimide (203) which cannot be isolated owing to tautomerism with cyanamide H2NC=N to be observed near 169 ppm. If one assumes that the... 

Based on the isoelectronic principle it is clear that carbodiimides, such as dicyclohexylcarbodilmide (205) = +75 ppm in CCI4 relative to NH4 (616)),... 

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