Capacity laser ablation

The heat capacities of films for two different coverages were determined for each one of the two substrates used [58]. In the highest coverages studied it was estimated that helium corresponded to 3 at. % (laser ablation sample) and 1.5 at. %... 

S Temperature range of the ATHAS recommended experimental heat capacity data. The computations of heat capacities of solids are based on these data and are usually carried out from 0.1 to 1,000 K, to provide sufficiently broad ranges of temperature for the addition schemes and for analysis of superheated polymers, as in laser ablation studies. For the references, in italics, see the list starting on p. 799. 

Section 6.4.7.) No attempt was made to explore the mech-anism(s) responsible for these observations, although the role of the glycerol matrix (that is essentially completely transparent at 337 nm) was assumed to be that of replenishment of analyte to the region of the surface irradiated and ablated by the laser. The fine metal particles were essential for the success of the method, ascribed to the high photo-absorption, low heat capacity and extremely large ratio of surface area to volume of these particles, which were assumed to couple the laser photons to the analyte via the rapid heating effect (see the text box in this Chapter). 

The other chief comptment of a mass spectrometer, the ion source, determines the types of ions that can be examined when starting fi om a specific sample (Gross and Caprioli, 2007). Laser-based methods, variably dubbed ablation, ionization, and desorption/ionization supposedly depending on the involved laser power, have played an important role fi om initial studies of bare metal ions to the widespread sought-after production of cluster ions for these latter species, the development of the so-called cluster sources was key to progress (Duncan, 2012). In more recent years, electrospray ionization (ESI) has played a central role due to its capacity to transfer/produce ions from solutions under mild conditions. Besides yielding new types of ions for chemical probing, ESI became a method of choice for the identification of solution species (speciation) and for direct observation of reaction... 

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