Cannizzaro Chlorine

According to Cannizzaros interpretation of Avogadro s hypothesis, the same volumes of any two gases have the same number of particles, provided they are at the same pressure and temperature. The number of atoms within 1 liter of oxygen, therefore, is the same as the number of atoms within 1 liter of hydrogen. To find the relative mass, you need only divide the two masses. Chlorine atoms, therefore, are 3.165 g/0.0900 g = 35.2 times more massive than hydrogen atoms. 

CK hydrolyzes to form HCI and HOCl only slowly. However, the hydrolysis rate (Bailey and Bishop, 1973) increases in the presence of bases, such as sodium hydroxide. Although cyanogen chloride can be prepared by reacting cyanide with chlorine water, CICN reacts with hypochlorite at pH 7-8 (Price et al., 1947). Complete hydrolysis (aqueous sodium hydroxide/heat) of cyanogen chloride produces ammonia, and the detection of this ammonia was the basis for an early, nonspecific test for CICN. Ammonolysis of CICN using ethanohc ammonia produces cyanamide, NH2CN (Cloez and Cannizzaro, 1851) ... 

Lock (1933) found long ago that two classes of polychlorinated benzalde-hydes exist, distinguished by their behaviour toward ethanolic potassium hydroxide (1) benzaldehydes that undergo the Cannizzaro reaction and (2) benzaldehydes that decarbonylate. In the second class, the formyl group is invariably flanked by two o-chlorines. These results, which are analogous to the dealkylations, indicate likewise that, when the Cannizzaro reaction— which is known to be initiated by hydroxide-ion addition to the formyl... 

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