Calycinum

Chorizanthe diffusa Dorstenia manni Daphniphyllum calycinum Moms cahayana... 

While H. calycinum has been found perforatum, others (H. hyssopifolium... 

Hebe albicans, H. pinguifolia, H. Youngii Hypericum calycinum ... 

Gronquist M, Bezzerides A, Attygalle A, Meinwald J, Eisner M, Eisner T. 2001. Attractive and defensive functions of the ultraviolet pigments of a flower (Elypericum calycinum). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 13745-13750. 

Kaempferol 3-0-neohesperidoside Daphniphyllum calycinum (Daphniphyllacdeae) AO/FRS - scavenges DPPH... 

Corresponding 5,6,7,4 -Tetrahydroxyflavone 3-0-Rut from Daphniphyllum calycinum (Daphniphyllaceae)... 

In 1966, Hirata et al. isolated yuzurimine (12) as one of the major alkaloids from D. macropodum and reported the crystal structure of yuzurimine hydrobromide [25]. They also isolated the two related alkaloids yuzurimines A (13) and B (14), whose structures were elucidated through spectroscopic data and chemical evidence in 1972. At almost the same time, Nakano et al. isolated macrodaphniphyllamine (16), macrodaphniphyllidine (17), and macrodaphnine (18) [15,29], whose structures were identical with deacetyl yuzurimine A, acetyl yuzurimine B, and dihydroyuzurimine, respectively. Yamamura et al. isolated deoxyyuzurimine (19) from D. humile [30], and daphnijsmine (20) and deacetyl daphnijsmine (21) from the seeds of D. teijsmanni [23]. Calycinine A (22) was isolated from D. calycinum distributed in China, together with deacetyl daphnijsmine, deacetyl yuzurimine, and the zwitterionic alkaloid 26 [31] (Figure 18.3). 

Proner has proved the presence of sedoheptulose in Sedum acre L., S. boloniense Lois., and reflexum L. Bennet-Clark reported its presence in S. praealtum A. de C. Nordal ° identified sedoheptulose conclusively in S. acre, L., S. album L., S. roseum (L.) Scop., S. spurium M.-B., and S. Telephium L., and concluded from qualitative color reactions that sedoheptulose is widely distributed within the family Crassu-laceae, but it is not always present. The experiments of Wolf have made it appear highly probable that sedoheptulose occurs in Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. and Sempervivum glaucum Tenore. 

The ecological function of polyprenylated benzoyl- and acylphloroglucinol derivatives was studied in 77. calycinum flowers 26). The constituents accumulate in those parts of petals that are exposed to the outside in the unopened bud. They are, besides flavonoids, a new class of products that serve as floral UV pigments. The constituents also accumulate in anthers and ovarian walls and provide protection against herbivores. Thus, phloroglucinol derivatives hilfill both attractive and defensive functions in 77 calycinum flowers. 

Xanthones have been identified in different species, such as H. perforatum [9,10,22], II. inodorum, H. calycinum and H. roeperanum [72], mainly in the underground organs. 

Figure (13) shows two examples of xanthones produced by hypericum plants. Metabolite 1, calycinoxanthon D (1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-lavandulylxanthone), isolated from II. calycinum and II. roeperanum [72], and compound 2, roeperanone (1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-trans-sesquilavandulylxanthone), identified in the roots of H. roeperanum, represent xanthones bearing a terpene alkyl moiety. 

S. D. Fang, W. Zhou, Y. Chen, J. H. Chu, Alkaloids of the poisonous plant Niu-Er-Fon Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth, Acta Chim. Sinica 30 (1964) 270-274. 

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