Calibration markers

The pulses produced by this action proceed thru mixer circuits to an oscillograph where they are displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope screen along with time calibration markers. This display is photographed and detonation rates are computed from expl increment lengths, and measurements of time displacements are read on a film reader... 

Fig. 6. Kinetics of immobilization of glutaryl-7-ACA-acylase on epoxy-activated polymethacrylate. The Gl-7-ACA-acylase was incubated with the epoxy-activated carrier. At definite times aliquots were taken from the reaction suspension. Supernatant and carrier-fixed enzyme were separated by centrifugation. The carrier-fixed enzyme was washed with water to remove non-covalently linked enzyme. The activities of the immobilized enzyme and supernatant were determined (5 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 8,37°C, 2% glutaryl-7-amino cepha-losporanic acid, pH-stat 8.0). Simultaneously, an aliquot of carrier-fixed enzyme was boiled in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/glycine buffer and the supernatant was subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (see insert from left to right lane 1 Carrier-fixed enzyme, 2 h lane 2 Carrier-fixed enzyme, 4 h lane 3 Carrier-fixed enzyme, 6 h lane 4 Carrier-fixed enzyme, 21 h lane 5 Carrier-fixed enzyme, 69 h lane 6 Dialyzed enzyme lane 7 Supernatant, 2 h lane 8 Supernatant, 21 h lane 9 Supernatant, 69 h lane 10 Molecular weight calibration markers)...

The glass slide with the stretched sample is loaded into the mass spectrometer. Although a calibration bar is typically used (18), we determined that regularly spaced laser-melted holes in the Parafilm M serve as more accurate spatial calibration markers. Provided that the sample is stretched to sufficient thinness, the mass spectrometer s UV laser beam is used to melt several 100 p-m diameter holes through the Parafilm M surface at several of the ordered positions found in the MTP Slide Adapter II geometry file included in the Bruker FlexControl software. The location of these points should be chosen so that they span the area of the tissue sample depending on the size of the sample, three to four points are sufficient. 

Each of the 12-leads are displayed on the ECG paper with the appropriate lead name (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, Vi, V2, V3, V4, V5 and Vg). Each lead is separated by a lead separator/divider marker. A calibration marker is also found at the beginning or end of each line of the ECG. The speed and amplitude may also be found along the bottom the ECG (Fig. 2.2). On many ECGs one of the leads (usually lead II or Vi) is repeated along the bottom of the ECG for the full 12 s. This is used as a rhythm strip. 

Fig. 3.8 Upper left image normal calibration marker. Lower left and right images at amplitude of 0.5 cm (set to half voltage)...

If the settings are altered in any way they should be documented on the ECG to aid interpretation. When recording the ECG the calibration markers should be reviewed to ensure they are in text form at the bottom of the ECG printout. 

Fig. 3.9 Left image shows a normal calibration marker 25 mm/s. Right image shows calibration marker at 50 mm/s...

Check the chart speed and calibration markers on all ECGs recorded before attempting to interpret them... 

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