Calcium hydroxyapatite surface modification

Vega, E. D., Pedregosa, J. C. Narda, G. E. 1999. Interaction of oxyvanadium (IV) with crystalline calcium hydroxyapatite surface mechanism with no structural modification. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 60, 759-766. 

Fan X, et al. Effects of the surface modification of poly(ainino acid)/hydroxyapatite/ calcium sulfate biocomposites on the adhesion and prohferation of osteohlast-hke cells. JAppl Polym Sci 2015 132(33). 

PARK are frequently used without surface modification. There are a significant number of papers and patents which describe PEEK modified with fillers such as hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium phosphates, titanimn coatings or even biomimetic protein and peptide sequences. Some of these are described in reference [2]. However, in HA-filled PARK there is a trade-off between mechanical properties and modified biocompatibility. Various attempts have been made to overcome this limitation - for example by using HA coatings or HA whiskers [3, 4]. Biological modifications would be subject to extremely complex regulatory approval. In fact unmodified PEEK has been shown to be comparable in vitro with the bone forming capacity of titanium [5]. 

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