Caesium disulphide

The density of the hydride is 0-92,8 and the vapour-tension for each interval of 10° between 300° C. and 410° C. is 15, 17, 21, 27, 38, 55, 87, 186, 201, 285, 396, and 540 mm. respectively.7 Sodium hydride is the most stable of the alkali-metal hydrides, and caesium hydride the least. The sodium derivative is unaffected by dry air, but decomposes in presence of traces of moisture. Although insoluble in organic solvents such as carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and turpentine, it dissolves in the alkali-metals and their amalgams. 

It is possible to insert additional atoms or molecules into the inter-lamellar gap of many layer-lattice materials, including molybdenum disulphide, creating what are called intercalation compounds. The intercalated substances may be alkali or alkalyne-earth metals (sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, calcium, strontium), salts or organic bases such as ethylene diamine or pyridine . 

The monosulphide and polysulphides are formed by burning the metals in sulphur vapour, by the action of sulphur on the metals dissolved in liquid ammonia, and by the action of the molten metals on sulphur dissolved in toluene. Hydrates or alcoholates and, in some cases, the anhydrous compounds may be prepared by dissolving sulphur in hot solutions of the hydrosulphides or monosulphides. Potassium, rubidium and caesium give all the sulphides where = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 sodium only up to the pentasulphide, and lithium only those for which x = 1, 2 and 4 (Pearson and Robinson, 1931). All the metals form two polysulphides of relatively outstanding stability one is invariably the disulphide, and the other tetrasulphide in the case of lithium or sodium, and pentasulphide in the case of potassium, rubidium or caesium. The amount of water of crystallisation and the solubility decrease with increase in atomic number of the metal, the gradation being most marked between sodium and potassium. 

Treatment of Br(CH2) Br with NaaS under heterogeneous conditions yields the appropriate thiacycloalkane. Similarly, the oxidative cyclization of the dithiol HS(CH2) X(CH2) SH (X = O, CH2, or S) with iodine yields the corresponding medium-ring disulphide. A general synthesis of mediumring and macrocyclic disulphides and a variety of dithia-crown ethers has been devised, using caesium dithiolates as starting materials [reaction (1)]. ... 

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