CaCA family

Fujisawa M, Wada Y, Tsuchiya T, Ito M. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis YfkE (ChaA) a calcium-specific Ca2+/H+ antiporter of the CaCA family. Arch Microbiol. 2009 191 649-57. 

The Ca H or Na cation antiporters (CaCA family) (Lytton 2007) are similarly represented in actinobacteria. Gram (-) bacteria, and archaea, but non-LAB firmicutes have substantially reduced numbers, and LAB lack these carriers altogether. These porters function primarily to exclude cytoplasmic Ca, but some of them can also export other divalent ions. In the next section we shall... 

P-type ATPases control cation homeostasis in many organismal types (Fagan and Saier 1994 Pahngren and Axelson 1998 De Hertogh et al. 2004 Haupt et al. 2005 Kuhlbrandt 2004 Chan et al. 2010 Thever and Saier 2009). As noted above, firmicutes, which have low numbers of CaCA family members, have 2-3 times as many Ca -ATPases as are found in actinobacteria and Gram (-) bacteria (Table 4.12). By contrast, archaea, which have good representation of CaCA carriers, also have excellent representation of the Ca -ATPases. 

CaCa is used extensively for the manuf of acetylene, and Ca cyanamide(by fixation of atmospheric nitrogen), as the starting material for making the melamine family of resins, for the manuf of acetylene black and many other purposes Refs l)Beil 1,242,(105), [218] [ 12i 2)F. Wohler, Ann 124, 220( 1862) 3)H. 

Heavy metal ions are both essential for life and toxic at high concentrations. Eight families of secondary active transporters are known to mediate divalent cation uptake and/or efflux (Nramp, VIT, ZIP, and NiCoT for uptake and CaCA, CDF, CadD, and RND/HME for efflux). In LAB, two of... 

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