C, moderator

Nitrotoluene [99-99-0] crystallizes in colorless rhombic crystals. It is only slightly soluble in water, 0.044 g/100 g of water at 30°C moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol and readily soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, and benzene. The physical properties of -nitrotoluene are Hsted in Table 11. 

Ageing resistance at I00°C Moderate Good Excellent Moderate Good... 

A direct addition of cydoethers to terminal alkynes has been discovered by Zhang and Li (Scheme 6.136) [271]. The best results were obtained when the reactions were run without additional solvent and in the absence of additives such as transition metal catalysts, Lewis acids, or radical initiators. Typically, the cycloether was used in large excess (200 molar equivalents) as solvent under sealed-vessel conditions. At a reaction temperature of 200 °C, moderate to good yields of the vinyl cycloether products (as mixtures of as and trans isomers) were obtained. The reaction is proposed to follow a radical pathway. 

Skin Necrosis Observation At Termination A = None B = Slight C = Moderate D = Marked E = Severe... 

Figure 3 Scanning electron photomicrographs of feldspar surfaces in various stages of weathering, a) Fresh surface, b) Incipient formation of shallow almond-shaped etch pits, c) Moderate development of prismatic etch pits, d) Extensive penetration of prismatic etch pits into feldspar interiors. Photographs b-d are from naturally weathered materials. All photomicrographs by Alan S. Pooley and the author.

Colorless cubic crystal or white yellowish powder density 5.72 g/cm melts at 2,013°C moderately soluble in water at ambient temperatures (3.48 g/100 g at 20°C), highly soluble in boding water (90.8 g/100 g at 100°C) aqueous solution highly alkaline also, soluble in ethanol, ddute mineral acids and alkalies insoluble in acetone and liquid ammonia. 

Colorless cubic crystal density 6.33 g/cm melts at 1,110°C vaporizes at 1,748°C vapor pressure 5 torr at 1,231°C moderately soluble in water, 4.35 g/lOOmL at 25°C soluble in hydrofluoric and other mineral acids practically insoluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia. 

The anhydrous MgBr2 is a white crystalline substance hexagonal crystals deliquescent density 3.72 g/cm melts at 700°C highly soluble in water (101.5g/100mL at 20°C) moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol (21.8 and 6.9 g/mL at 20°C, respectively). 

Anhydrous salt consists of white lustrous hexagonal crystals refractive index 1.675 density 2.32 g/cm melts at 714°C decomposes at a lower temperature of 300°C when heated slowly, releasing chlorine vaporizes at 1,412°C highly soluble in water, releasing heat (solubility 54.2 g/100 mL at 20°C and 72.7 g/lOOmL at 100°C) moderately soluble in ethanol (7.4 g/lOOmL at 30°C). 

The red iodide has a density 6.36 g/cm at 25°C transforms to yellow form at 127°C also converts to yellow form at -180°C shghtly soluble in water (100 mg/L at 25°C) moderately soluble in acetone and alcohol. 

The monohydrate is a yellow sobd consisting of monoclinic crystals density 3.124 g/cm at 15°C loses water of crystallization on heating at 70°C sparingly soluble in cold water (1.33 g/L at 18°C) moderately soluble in hot... 

Colorless crystals or white granular powder monochnic structure density 2.32 g/cm3 melts at 356°C decomposes at 400°C moderately soluble in cold water, 7.19 g/lOOmL at 20°C, solubility increasing with temperature, 57 g/lOOmL at 100°C insoluble in acetone and hquid ammonia. 

Bright orange-red triclinic or monoclinic crystals density 2.676 g/cm at 25°C triclinic form converts to monoclinic modification at 241.6°C melts at 398°C decomposes at 500°C moderately soluble in cold water, 4.9 g/lOOmL at 0°C very soluble in boiling water, 102 g/lOOmL at 100°C aqueous solution acidic, a 10% solution has a pH 3.57 insoluble in alcohol. 

Colorless tetragonal crystals density 3.618 g/cm3 melts at 582°C shghtly soluble in water at ordinary temperatures, 0.42 g/lOOmL at 20°C moderately soluble in hot water, 4.4 g/lOOmL at 80°C. 

Dark purple rhombohedral crystal density 2.703 g/cm stable in air decomposes at about 240°C moderately soluble in cold water, 6.38 g/lOOmL at 20°C, soluble in hot water, 25 g/lOOmL at 65°C decomposed by alcohol, acetone and many organic solvents causing their oxidation also decomposed by concentrated acids. 

Colorless or white crystals trichnic structure density 2.477 g/cm stable in sohd crystalline form decomposes on heating, evolving oxygen completely decomposes at about 100°C sparingly soluble in cold water 1.75 g/lOOmL at 0°C moderately soluble at ordinary temperature, 5.29 g/100 mL at 20°C aqueous solution acidic and unstable, decomposing slowly at room temperature and more rapidly when the solution is warmed insoluble in alcohol. 

Colorless or white crystals or white granules or powder rhomhohedral structure bitter taste density 2.66 g/cm3 melts at 1,069°C vaporizes at 1,689°C moderately soluble in water, 12 g/lOOmL at 25°C and 24g/100mL at 100°C slightly soluble in glycerol insoluble in alcohol, acetone, and carbon disulfide. 

Colorless cubic or tetragonal crystals density 2.78 g/cm melts at 993°C vaporizes at 1,695°C moderately soluble in water 4.22 g/lOOmL at 18°C soluble in hydrofluoric acid insoluble in ethanol. 

In some cases these highly colored isomilnchnones were quite stable for weeks (51a-c), moderately stable for 2-10 min (51d-n), or unstable within seconds (51o). Isomilnchnones 51a-c crystallized out of the reaction mixture. 

C. Moderate Changes (Supplement—Changes Being Effected)... 

Coal liquefaction research after the second world war focused on moderating reaction conditions in terms of temperature and pressure in order to lower construction costs of the coal liquefaction facility. At present, typical conditions are 150-200 atm and 300-480°C. Moderation was achieved primarily through improvements in catalysts and donor solvents and through... 

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