Butyraldehyde butyrolactone

The introduction of rhodium has allowed the development of processes which operate under much milder conditions and lower pressures, are highly selective, and avoid loss of alkene by hydrogenation. Although the catalyst is active at moderate temperature, plants are usually operated at 120°C to give a high n/iso (linear/ branched) ratio. The key to selectivity is the use of triphenylphosphine in large excess which leads to >95% straight chain anti-Markovnikov product. The process is used for the hydroformylation of propene to n-butyraldehyde, allyl alcohol to butanediol, and maleic anhydride to 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, and y-butyrolactone. 

Butyl peroxylri methyl acetate, see Butyl peroxypivalate Butyl vinyl ether n-Butyraldehyde iso-Butyraldehyde n-Butyric acid iso-Butyric acid n-Butyric anhydride 2-Butyrolactone n-Butyronitrile Butyryl chloride Camphor Caproic acid... 

Butyric acid lactone. See Butyrolactone Butyric alcohol. See Butyl alcohol Butyric aldehyde. See n-Butyraldehyde Butyrolactam y-Butyrolactam. See 2-Pyrrolidone... 

H2, CO, CO2, H2O, furan, fiirancarboxyaldehyde, methyUurans, acetone, hydroxypropanone, butenal, butanone, butanedione, levoglucosan Fixed gases (not identified), pentene, acetaldehyde, furan, propionaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, 2-methyUuran, butyraldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, 2,5-dimethylfiiran, methyl vinyl ketone, 2,3-butanedione, toluene, crotonaldehyde, H2O, cyclopentanone, cyclooctatetraene, acetol, pyruvaldehyde, acetic add, furfural, formic acid, 5-methyl-2-furfural, furfuryl alcohol, butyrolactone, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-cyclopenten-2-one, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 3,4-diinetfaylphenol, 5-hydroxymefhylfuifural Mainly H2O and CO 2, smaller amounts of CO, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, ethanol and acetaldehyde, and very htUe tar Product fraction volatile at 25°C contains acetic acid, CO2, CO, CH4,... 

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