Budesonide nebulizing suspension

Smaldone GC, Cruz-Rivera M, Nikander K. In vitro determination of inhaled mass and particle distribution for budesonide nebulizing suspension. J Aerosol Med 1998 11 113-125. 

Smaldone GC, McKenzie J, Cruz-Rivera M, Hoag JE (2000) Budesonide inhalation suspension is chemically compatible with other nebulizing formulations. Chest 118(4) 98S... 

Dahlstrom K, Larsson P. Lung deposition and systemic availability of budesonide inhaled as nebulized suspension from different nebulizers (abstr). Am JRespir Crit Care Med 1996 153 A339. 

Nebulizer formulations are normally solutions, however, suspensions are also used, e.g., the insoluble steroid budesonide has been successfully formulated for delivery by nebulization (Dahlback 1994). Some important preformulation considerations for nebulizers are stability, solubility, viscosity and surface tension (McCallion et al. 1996 Nikander 1997). In terms of solubility, the common ion effect may be important where, e.g., a hydrochloride salt is to be dissolved in saline. In addition, the temperature dependence of the solubility of the drug may... 

Figure 11 inhaled mass versus time for a solution (albuterol) and a suspension (budesonide) using the AeroTech II nebulizer (tidal volume, 200 mL frequency, 25 breaths per min duty cycle, 0.5). 

Arnon S, Grigg J, Nikander K, Silverman M. Delivery of micronized budesonide suspension by metered dose inhaler and jet nebulizer into a neonatal ventilator circuit. Pediatr Puhnonol 1992 13 172-175. 

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