Bubbles as templates

Yoon and coworkers152 have also observed large (5-10 pm diameter) pores on the electrode side of PPy films prepared on unpolished platinum electrodes. Well-ordered microstructures have been formed on electrode services by using gas bubbles as templates. Thus, microscale shapes in the form of cups, bowls, and bottles have been formed from PPy doped with camphorsulfonic acid.157... 

M. Mazur, Preparation of three-dimensional polymeric stmetures using gas bubbles as templates, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112(35), 13528-13534 (2008). 

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