Brust

Brust M ef a/1994 Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanopartioles in a two-phase liquid-liquid system J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm. 801... 

The topic of gold nanospheres attracted the interest of several famous nineteenth century scientists such as Michael Faraday, Richard Zsigmondy, and Gustov Mie [43]. Interest diminished in the mid-twentieth century although some excellent contributions were made by Turkevich [42, 44], Frens [45], and Brust [46] in that period regarding the controlled preparation of nearly monodisperse colloidal suspensions. 

The use of tetraoctylammonium salt as phase transfer reagent has been introduced by Brust [199] for the preparation of gold colloids in the size domain of 1-3 nm. This one-step method consists of a two-phase reduction coupled with ion extraction and self-assembly using mono-layers of alkane thiols. The two-phase redox reaction controls the growth of the metallic nuclei via the simultaneous attachment of self-assembled thiol monolayers on the growing clusters. The overall reaction is summarized in Equation (5). 

In 2001, we developed a simple and quite useful method to manipulate the size of Au nanoparticles by using the heat-treatment of small Au nanoparticles [9,10], which is far from the conventional techniques. The 1-dodecanethiol-protected Au nanoparticles (C12S-AU) of 1.5 0.2 nm in size synthesized by the Brust s two-phase (toluene/water) reaction procedure [3] were heat treated at 150-250 °C at the heating rate of 2°Cmin and held for 30min. This heat treatment of as-synthesized C12S-AU nanoparticles... 

Figure 2.11 TEM images and nanoparticle size distributions of nanopartides synthesized from a modified Brust arrested precipitation technique (a) under ambient conditions and (b) at an applied C02 pressure of 33.0 bar.

Brust, M., Walker, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J. and Whyman, R. (1994) Synthesis of thiol-derivatized gold nanopartides in a 2-phase liquid—liquid system. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (7), 801—802. 

Brust, M. and Kiely, C.J. (2002) Some recent advances in nanostructure preparation from gold and silver particles a short topical review. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects, 202 (2-3), 175-186. 

Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schifffin DJ, Whyman R (1994) J Chem Soc Chem Conunun 801-802... 

Data from Brust 1966 Rigterinkand Kenaga 1966 Kenaga 1971 Windholz 1976 Menconi and Paul 1994. 

The degradation half-life time (Tb 1/2) of chlorpyrifos is 7.1 days in seawater (Schimmel et al. 1983), and 53 days in distilled water (Freed et al. 1979). Degradation is usually through hydrolysis to produce 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and phosphorthioic acid (Brust 1966 Smith 1966, 1968 Marshall and Roberts 1978). Temperature, pH, radiation, and metal cations all significantly affect chlorpyrifos Tb 1/2 in water half-life is decreased with increasing water pH, temperature, sunlight, and metal cation concentrations (Brust 1966 Mortland and Raman 1967 Smith 1968 Schaefer and Dupras 1969, 1970 Meikle and Youngson 1970 Menconi and Paul 1994). 

Brust, H.F. 1966. A summary of chemical and physical properties of Dursban. Down to Earth 22 21-22. 

ROESSNER, U., LUEDEMANN, A., BRUST, D., FIEHN, O., LINKE, T WILLMITZER, L., FERNIE, A.R., Metabolic profiling allows comprehensive phenotyping of genetically or environmentally modified plant systems, Plant Cell, 2001,13,11-29. 

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