Bronze, yield strength

Ni-AI Bronze. Cast Ni-Al bronze has been friction stir processed (FSP), as reported by Ref 26. Yield strength of the FSP material (420 MPa, or 61 ksi) was more than double that of the cast alloy (193 MPa, or 28 ksi). Tensile strength also increased substantially due to the processing (700 MPa compared with 420, or 102 ksi compared with 61). However, elongation dropped to 14%, compared with 20% in the as-cast material. Surface finish and tool life were both excellent. In addition to the improvement in as-cast properties, FSP was demonstrated to reduce or eliminate internal porosity due to casting defects. 

Mixing molten copper with other metals yields a variety of alloys, such as bronze when alloyed with tin, brass with zinc, and arsenical copper with arsenic (see Table 34 and text below). All these alloys have extremely good mechanical and working properties and have, therefore, been employed for applications requiring strength and hardness (West 1982). 

---