Bronsted work principle

Equation (1.107) relates the total change in internal energy to the sum of the products of intensive variables T. P, F, lib if/, and the changes in extensive properties (capacities) of dS, dV, dl, dNb and de. The Bronsted work principle states that the overall work A W performed by a system is the sum of the contributions due to the difference of extensive properties AK across a difference of conjugated potentials A). 1-. 2... 

Historically, the quantitative study of weak bases has grown from the efforts of a few pioneers. In the early part of this century Hantzsch demonstrated cryoscopically that many oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds which are not basic to more dilute aqueous acid may be protonated in sulfuric acid. During the nineteen twenties and thirties the new Bronsted theory of acids and bases was developing, and its impact on Conant and Hammett resulted in the first attempts to evaluate quantitatively the basic properties of the compounds which Hantzsch had shown were capable of protonation in strong acid. It is almost correct to say that all of the work that has developed in the past twenty-five years on the quantitative study of weak bases in solution is simply the extension of the principles laid down by Hammett in his classic book (169). 

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