1-Bromobutane complexes

Silver fluoborate, reaction with ethyl bromide in ether, 46, 114 Silver nitrate, complexing with phenyl-acetylene, 46, 40 Silver oxide, 46, 83 Silver thiocyanate, 45, 71 Sodium amide, in alkylation of ethyl phenylacetate w ith (2-bromo-ethyl)benzene, 47, 72 in condensation of 2,4-pentanedione and 1 bromobutane to give 2,4-nonanedione, 47, 92 Sodium 2 ammobenzenesulfinate, from reduction of 2 mtrobenzenesul-finic acid, 47, 5... 

In contrast to the behavior of the foregoing nickel(I) complexes as catalysts, the catalytic reactions of alkyl halides with cobalt(I) species such as vitamin Bi2s, cobaloximes(I), and cobalt(I) salen exhibit a significant difference. Cobalt(I) species, acting as potent nucleophiles in Sn2 reactions with alkyl halides, give stable alkylcobalt(III) intermediates. Lexa and coworkers [318] have discussed this mechanistic scheme for the catalytic reduction of l-bromobutane by the electrogenerated cobalt(I) tetraphenylpor-phin complex, where TPP denotes the ligand. Reversible one-electron reduction of the parent cobalt(II) species... 

Rusling and coworkers have carried out extensive studies of the use of electrogenerated cobalt(I) complexes (including cobalt(I) salen, vitamin Bi2s, and cobalt(I) phthalo-cyanine) as catalysts both in homogeneous phase and in bicontinuous microemulsions [384] for the reductions of 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dibromobutane [385], the debromi-nation of alkyl vicinal dibromides [386], the dechlorination of DDT [387], the reductions of 1-bromobutane, 1-bromododecane, and ran5-l,2-dibromocyclohexane [388,389], and the reduction of benzyl bromide [390]. 

Benzyllithium-TED. 1-Bromobutane. Added 1-bromobutane to complex dissolved in ether at reflux over 1 hr refluxed overnight hydrolyzed distilled bp 62°C (0.5 mm) (lit. bp 81°C) 80%, n-amylben-zene (36). 

SEES THE, CHCI3, toluene, CHX, bromobutane, C6H14, C7H16 The complex modulus varied liom 4.4 MPa (cast frinn low 5-solvents) to 205 MPa (cast from high 5-solvents) the area under the damping peak also depended on solvent. DMA, DSC (Cowie and McEwen 1979, 1980 Cowie et al. 1979)... 

The Grignard reagent (29) derived from the ethylene acetal of 4-bromobutan-2-one, previously reported as unavailable, has now been prepared in THF and undergoes cyclization in refluxing solvent. The reaction of myrcene with magnesium results in the complex myrcene-magnesium which, on treatment with acetyl chloride or acetic... 

Alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes were studied on a silica colunui using hexane, hexane/1-chlorobutane, hexane/l-bromobutane, or hexane/IPA as the mobile phase [619]. Modifier levels ranged fiom 0.005% to 10%. Capacity fiictors versus carbon number were plotted for each solvent mixture. Selectivity decreased for all solvent modifiers except 1-chlorobutane, for which selectivity increased as the level increased from 2% to 8%. The authors attribute diis to the formation of n-complexes between the 1-chlorobutane and the PAH solutes. Selectivity decreased, as expected, for the alkylnaphthalenes when I-bromobutane was used. Selectivity was lost rapidly as the level of IPA increased from 0.01%0.05% indicating that at low IPA concentrations IPA (or the water contained in the IPA) readily modifies or deactivates the silica support. 

The existence of a stereogenic center in a complex molecule may not be immediately apparent. This situation occurs when the groups bonded to a chiral carbon atom differ at sites not immediately adjacent to the stereogenic center. The difference between a methyl group and an ethyl group is readily apparent in 2-bromobutane. However, in some molecules, the difference is less obvious. For example, 5-bromodecane and 5-bromo-l-nonene both have a stereogenic center. 

The fact that the determination of diiodine complexation constants is dependent on a second unknown makes values more uncertain than the hydrogen-bond formation constants. A revision of the statistical evaluation of diiodine complexation constants obtained by the popular Benesi-Hildebrand method [53] shows [57] that the confidence interval is always much larger than previously reported. Examples of revised 95% confidence limits are (in 1 mol ) 0.32-0.40, 0.53-1.86 and 1.10-1.32 for the complexation constants of diiodine with 1-bromobutane, benzene and dioxane, respectively. However, better 95% confidence intervals can be obtained. A careful application of the Rose-Drago method to the complexation of diiodine with carbonyl bases gives [62], for example 0.53 0.04 (benzaldehyde), 1.12 0.06 (acetone), 8.1 0.7 (AA -dimethylbenzamide) and 15 0.4 (A,A-dimethylacetamide) (in 1 mol , in heptane at 25 °C). 

If you have a complex molecule with several similar types of carbon atoms, the peak clusters generally overlap. This makes interpretation very difficult. To solve this problem, chemists "decouple" the H s from the C s. A decoupled NMR spectrum of 2-bromobutane is shown below. 

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