Bromine continued oxidations states

The best known exceptions to the general reluctance of bromine to accept a + 7 oxidation state are perbroinic acid and the perbromate ion. which were unknown pnor to 1968 (see Chapter 17). Their subsequent synthesis has made their nonexistence somewhat less cruciu] as a topic of immediate concern to inorganic chemists, but bromine certainly continues the trend started by arsenic and selenium Thus the perbromate ion is a stronger oxidizing agent than either perchlorate or periodate. 

A typical chemical system is the oxidative decarboxylation of malonic acid catalyzed by cerium ions and bromine, the so-called Zhabotinsky reaction this reaction in a given domain leads to the evolution of sustained oscillations and chemical waves. Furthermore, these states have been observed in a number of enzyme systems. The simplest case is the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme peroxidase. The reaction kinetics display either steady states, bistability, or oscillations. A more complex system is the ubiquitous process of glycolysis catalyzed by a sequence of coordinated enzyme reactions. In a given domain the process readily exhibits continuous oscillations of chemical concentrations and fluxes, which can be recorded by spectroscopic and electrometric techniques. The source of the periodicity is the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by ATP, resulting in the formation of fructose-1,6 biphosphate and ADP. The overall activity of the octameric enzyme is described by an allosteric model with fructose-6-phosphate, ATP, and AMP as controlling ligands. 

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