Breakage Susceptibility

Biscuits need to be protected against breakage and the uptake of water. The very crispness of biscuits makes them susceptible to breakage in transit. The traditional packing for biscuits other than those sold loose is a tin. At one time the tins were returned, cleaned, and refilled. This practice seems to have been discontinued. 

Idoxuridine (Herplex) is a water-soluble iodinated derivative of deoxyuridine that inhibits several DNA viruses including HSV, VZV, vaccinia, and polyoma virus. The triphosphorylated metabolite of idoxuridine inhibits both viral and cellular DNA synthesis and is also incorporated into DNA. Such modified DNA is susceptible to strand breakage and causes aberrant viral protein synthesis. Because of its significant host cytotoxicity, idoxuridine cannot be used to treat systemic viral infections The development of resistance to this drug is common. 

Chapters 11 and 31. Since cancers contain multiple mutations, they are complex diseases. However, many specific susceptibility loci are being located, including some for breast cancer (Box 11-D),392 prostate cancer,393 and familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary disease leading to colon cancer.388 394 Cancer has long been known to be associated with chromosome instability including deletion and insertion mutations at simple repeat sequences, frame-shift mutations,395 DNA breakage, translocation,396 and losses or gains of whole chromosomes 397... 

Ring seals are particularly susceptible to breakage from thermal strains, so it... 

Bombardment of polymers by electrons causes bond breakage. The free radical or ionic sites thus generated activate subsequent scission or cross-linking reactions. Because all polymers are susceptible to electron-induced reactions, essentially any material can, in principle, function as a resist. 

Their analysis of experimental data shows that tensile strength was the only parameter that varied as a function of particle size. Model simulation indicate that larger lumps were stronger than smaller lumps which is contradictory to Waters et al. [8], Teo and Waters [9], and Griffith [10] theory of fracture, which implies that larger particle are more likely to contain larger cracks and hence be more susceptible to breakage. 

Susceptibility to oxidation of disulfides built into proteins is strongly dependent on their location in the protein molecule (G3). Since the disulfides have a crucial role in maintaining protein tertiary structure, oxidation of certain —S—S— bridges may expose further disulfides and cause unfolding of the protein molcule. The final disulfide oxidation is a sulfone residue, which is stable and does not tend to reverse to sulfide. Therefore oxidative breakage of disulfides is irreversible. The spatial location of disulfides inside protein molecules influences their susceptibility to oxidation. The ribonuclease molecule has four —S—S— bonds, and at least three correctly located disulfide bonds are necessary to retain the ribonuclease enzyme properties. The compact ribonuclease molecule is relatively resistant to HOC1 oxidation (D18). 

Goldman, J. C., and Dennett, M. R. (1985). Susceptibility of some marine phytoplankton species to cell breakage during filtration and post filtration rinsing. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 86, 47—58. 

It may be noted from Figure 1 that the starch molecule contains two important functional groups, that is the —OH group, which is important for substitution reactions, and C—O—C, which is susceptible to chain breakage. As a result of these two important features, starch and its derivatives are used in the synthesis of biodegradable plastics (1). 

A bacterial infection starts in general with the adhesion of a bacterium onto a host cell. The adhesion mechanism has turned out to be far more complex than anticipated. For example, bacteria that express their adhesins directly on the cell wall are susceptible to shear forces. A shear flow will apply a torque onto the bacteria that will induce a successive breakage of bonds and result in bacterial rolling [f,2]. This often implies that the bacteria detach from the host cell, which, in turn, makes it less likely that they can pursue their infectious task. 

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