Bonding nucleophilic additions

The net result is that the n bond is broken, two new o bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the 7t bond. Nucleophilic addition with two different nucleophiles— hydride (H ") and carbanions (R >— is discussed in Chapter 20. 

Nucleophiles can donate a lone pair of electrons to form a bond to an atom (usually carbon), by displacing a leaving group (nucleophilic substitution), by breaking a multiple bond (nucleophilic addition) or by adding to a carbocation (second step of an SnI reaction),... 

The aldol condensation is synthetically useful as a method for carbon-carbon bonds. Nucleophilic addition of an enolate to a carbonyl, followed by dehydration, yields an a,p-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone. 

Nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition to the double bond, nucleophilic addition to the double bond in which atoms differ in their electronegativity, intramolecular conversions, and reduction are the most important reactions that may result in the appearance of asymmetric carbon atoms [41]. Unfortunately,... 

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