Blue copper evolution

Laccase, 36 318, 329, 40 122 see also Blue copper oxidases amino-acid sequences, 40 141 anaerobic reduction, 40 158-160 biological function, 40 124 electrochemistry, 36 360 fungal, 40 145-152 evolution, 40 153-154 inhibition, 40 162 kinetic properties, 40 157-162 molecular and spectroscopic properties, 40 125-126... 

By the action of ammonia on copper selenate pentahydrate, small bluish-violet needle-like crystals of copper selenate tetrammoniate mono-hydrate, CuSe04.4NH3.H20, are obtained. On exposure to the air these crystals slowly evolve, ammonia and become dull in appearance. They are soluble in water, giving a deep blue solution, which on dilution becomes lighter in colour and deposits basic copper salts. When the crystals are exposed to the action of air for many hours, the preliminary evolution of ammonia ceases and the blue product has the composition CuSe04.3NHa.H20. When the bluish-violet crystals of the tetrammoniate monohydrate are dried over lime in a desiccator under a low... 

Sulfuric acid, concentrated and dilute Silver nitrate Copper sulfate-pyridine test Cyanates, OCN Vigorous effervescence, due largely to evolution of carbon dioxide, with concentrated acid producing a more dramatic effect Curdy white precipitate of silver cyanate Lilac-blue precipitate (interference by thiocyanates) reagent is prepared by adding 2 or 3 drops of pyridine to 0.25 M CuS04 solution... 

Concentrated sulfuric acid Silver nitrate Copper sulfate Mercury (II) chloride Methylene blue Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) and iron (II) sulfate Fast evolution of sulfur dioxide and precipitation of pale yellow sulfur Black precipitate of silver Red precipitate of copper Gray precipitate of mercury Decolorization in cold solution White precipitate of dipotassium iron (II) hexacyanoferrate (II) turns from white to Prussian blue... 

Reduction in neutral solution with a zinc-copper couple causes the evolution of nitrogen. In acid solution (dilute sulphuric) sodium amalgam causes the formation of Prussian blue. 

All of the currently known copper proteins which contain type 1 copper centers are derived from a common ancestor. The various characteristics of the small blue proteins, and the development from copper proteins to copper enzymes and from there to non-catalytic, non-copper proteins are the results of a solely divergent evolution. 

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