Blood Serum

To evaluate the precision for the determination of potassium in blood serum, duplicate analyses were performed on six samples, yielding the following results. 

Blood oxygenators Blood plasma Blood plasma extenders Blood proteins Bloodroot Blood serum... 

DETERMINATION OF ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF HUMAN BLOOD SERUM BY ICP AES... 

In the eourse of the study ICP AES teehnique for determining B, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Ee, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Se, Si, Sr, and Zn in blood serum is developed. Relative standard deviations vary in the range from 0.02 to 0.25 depending on the element. The eorreetness of results obtained is eonfirmed by eomparing with those of independent analytieal methods. 

THE POTENTIAL OF TOTAL REFLECTION X-RAY SPECTROMETRY FOR STUDY OF THE BLOOD SERUM... 

Angiotensinogen (from human blood serum) [643I5-I6-8]. Purified by chromatography on Blue Sepharose, Phenyl-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite and immobilised 5-hydroxytryptamine [Campbell et al. Biochem J 243 121 1987]. 

We hear a lot these days about the relationships between saturated fats, cholesterol, and heart disease. What are the facts It s well established that a diet rich in saturated animal fats often leads to an increase in blood serum cholesterol, particularly in sedentary, overweight people. Conversely, a diet-lower in saturated fats and higher in polyunsaturated fats leads to a lower serum cholesterol level. Studies have shown that a serum cholesterol level greater than 240 mg/dL (a desirable value is <200 mg/dL) is correlated with an increased incidence of coronary artery disease, in which cholesterol deposits build up on the inner walls of coronary arteries, blocking the flow of blood to the heart muscles. 

Samples which are viscous (e.g. oils, blood, blood serum) require dilution with a solvent, or alternatively must be wet ashed before the sample can be nebulised. 

McClure, G.L., et. al. "Application of Computerized Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy to the Determination of the Principal Lipids Found in Blood Serum", Computerized Quantitative Infrared Analysis, ASTM STP 934, G.L. McClure, Ed. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1987, 131-154. 

Tompsett125 determined phenothiazine drugs in blood serum by extraction, oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to sulphoxide and evaluation spectrofluorimetrically. 

Another interesting example of the use of solid state extraction cartridges is the determination of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs in blood serum (2). 

The column used for blood serum analysis was 100 cm long, 1 mm in diameter and packed with RP 18 reversed phase having a particle size of 10 pm. A concave gradient program was used to develop the separation over a period of 45 min. at a flow rate of 50 pl/min. The initial solvent was 75% methanol 25% water and the final solvent was pure methanol. 

Chromatograms of Blood Serum Showing Dispersive Contaminants at the ppm Level... 

The two examples of sample preparation for the analysis of trace material in liquid matrixes are typical of those met in the analytical laboratory. They are dealt with in two quite different ways one uses the now well established cartridge extraction technique which is the most common the other uses a unique type of stationary phase which separates simultaneously on two different principles. Firstly, due to its design it can exclude large molecules from the interacting surface secondly, small molecules that can penetrate to the retentive surface can be separated by dispersive interactions. The two examples given will be the determination of trimethoprim in blood serum and the determination of herbicides in pond water. 

By extraction of animal lymph glands, parotid glands, pancreas, liver, milt and blood serum with diluted acetic acid-ethanol-mixtures upon removal of fat and proteins. 

Many biologically interesting molecules, for instance hormones, can be determined using any of a number of analytical methods, such as GC, GC-MS, and RIA. In blood serum and similarly complex matrices, the more traditional methods (colorimetry, titration, TLC) suffer from interference and/or lack of sensitivity. 

Along with an effective electrolyte and screening program for genetic disease, the laboratory of Neonatology needs to have the capability of analyzing for other components in blood serum, which aid in the diagnosis of disease. These include such determinations as alkaline phosphatase, and various other enzymes, creatinine, uric acid and a host of other components which are normally assayed by the main clinical laboratory. 

Some types of injections must be made iso-osmotic with blood serum. This applies particularly to large-volume intravenous infusions if at all possible hypotonic solutions cause lysis of red blood corpuscles and thus must not be used for this purpose. Conversely, hypertonic solutions can be employed these induce shrinkage, but not lysis, of red cells which recover their shape later. Intraspinal injections must also be isotonic, and to reduce pain at the site of injection so should intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. Adjustment to isotonicity can be determined by the following methods. 

Pfaffenberger CD, Peoples AJ, Enos HF. 1980. Distribution of volatile halogenated organic compounds between rat blood serum and adipose tissue. Int J Environ Anal Chem 8 55-65. 

POTTER s M, FERTILE J and BERBER-JIMENEZ M D (1996) Soy protein concentrate and isolated soy protein similarly lower blood serum cholesterol hut differently affect thyroid hormones in hamsters. J Nutr. 126 (8) 2007-11. 

Kamel, H., Brown, D.H., Ottaway, J.M. and Smith, W.E. (1977) Determination of gold in separate protein fractions of blood serum by carbon furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry. Analyst, 102, 645-663. 

Nicdermeier, W. (1965). Concentration and chemical state of copper in synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 24, 544-548. 

Whole blood, blood serum. Urine, human hair, blood... 

Toxic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, veterinary drug residues, hormone residues, aflatoxins, toxic compounds in shellfish. Compoimds of nutritional significance in foods vitamins, fat, lipids, carbohydrates, protein, energy-calorific value, proximates, dietary fibre, ash. Other compounds hormones in blood serum... 

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