Bitterness biochemistry

Evans SV, Sigurskjold BW, Jennings HJ, Brisson JR, To R, Tse WC, Altman E, Frosch M, Weisgerber C, Kratzin HD, Klebert S, Vaesen M, Bitter-Suermann D, Rose DR, Young NM, Bundle DR (1995) Biochemistry 34 6737... 

Limonoids are a group of chemically related triterpene derivatives found in the Rutaceae and Meliaceae. Limonin, a bitter member of the group, occurs widely in citrus juices. It has commercial significance because bitterness (excessive bitterness in the case of grapefruit) reduces juice quality. Dreyer (1) and Connolly et al. (2) have reviewed the chemistry and biochemistry of limonoids. 

V. P. Maier S. Hasegawa R. D. Bennet L. C. Echols, Limonin and Limonoids-Chemistry, Biochemistry and Juice Bitterness. In Citrus Nutrition and Quality, S. Nagy, J. A. Attaway, Eds. ACS Symposium Series No. 143 American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1980 pp 63-82. 

Biochemistry and Biological Removal of Limonoid Bitterness in Citrus Juices... 

Kumazawa, T., Nomura, T., Kurihara, K. (1988). Liposomes as model for taste cells receptor sites for bitter substances including N-C=S substances and mechanism of membrane potential changes. Biochemistry, 27, 1239-1244. 

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