Bisphosphatidic acid

Modified LDL taken up by the cell are delivered to the endolysosome pathway, where enzymes hydrolyze cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol and fatty acids. The levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters are regulated with the help of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase, which converts cholesteryl ester to free cholesterol. After cholesterol leaves the lysosome, it is transported to the ER and to the plasma membrane by means of an intermediate step through the Golgi apparatus. Recycling compartments, especially multivesicular endosomes, harbor most of the cholesterol in the endocytic pathway. The intra-endosomal membranes of multivesicular late endosomes that are enriched in the phospholipids lyso-bisphosphatidic acid/bismonoacylglycerophosphate serve as important regulators of cholesterol transport (Kobayashi et al. 1999 Ikonen 2008). Lysobisphosphatidic acid is structurally... 

Monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerok can ako be esterified using phosphorus pentoxide. For example, esterification of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol yields phosphatidic (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) and the corresponding bisphosphatidic acid and their positional isomers. Both acids are natural-identical products, which serve as substitutes for lecithin. Ammonium phosphatides (E442) are approved in the EU as emulsifiers. 

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