Bipolar disorder in children

Weller EB, Calvert SM, Weller RA. Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2003 16(4) 383-388. 

Utility of Preclinical Models in Organizing Findings of the Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents... 

James, A.C.D. and Javaloyes A.M. (2001) Practioner review the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. / Child Psychol Psychiatry 42 439-451. 

Srinath, S., Janardhan Reddy, Y.C., Girimaji, S.R., Seshadri, S.P., and Subbakrishna, D.K. (1998) A prospective study of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents from India. Acta Psychiatr Scand 98 437 42. 

Carlson GA. Bipolar disorders in children and adolescents. In Garfinkel B, Carlson GA, Weller E, eds. Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Philadelphia WB Saunders,... 

Perhaps even more important in children is the issue of bipolar disorder. Mania and mixed mania have not only been greatly underdiagnosed in children in the past but also have been frequently misdiagnosed as attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Furthermore, bipolar disorder misdiagnosed as attention deficit disorder and treated with stimulants can produce the same chaos and rapid cycling state as antidepressants can in bipolar disorder. Thus, it is important to consider the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, especially those unresponsive or apparently worsened by stimulants and those who have a family member with bipolar disorder. These children may need their stimulants and antidepressants discontinued and treatment with mood stabilizers such as valproic acid or lithium initiated. 

Valproate III Mania/bipolar disorder in children and adolescents Abbott Laboratories... 

The ADHD and bipolar diagnoses also influence how millions of parents and teachers view the children in their care. Nowadays, nearly all parents and teachers have heard of hyperactivity and, more specifically, ADHD. Many teachers believe that they can diagnose it. To my increasing dismay, teachers have now begun to diagnose bipolar disorder in children. 

James AC, Javaloyes AM. The treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry All Disciplines 2001 42 439-49 McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B et al. Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 2002 347 314-21 MTA Co-operative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for... 

Kafantaris, V. (1995). Treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 732-741. 

Wagner KD, Redden L, Kowatch RA, Wilens TE, Segal S, Chang K, Wozniak P, Vigna NV, Abi-Saab W, Saltarelli M. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex extended-release in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009 48(5) 519-32. 

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