Biomolecules nanohybrids

For application of protein-immobilized porous materials to sensor fields, use of an electroactive substance as the framework material is important. DeLouise and Miller demonstrated the immobilization of glutathione-S-transferase in electrochemically etched porous silicon films [134], which are attractive materials for the construction of biosensors and may also have utility for the production of immobilized enzyme bioreactors. Not limited to this case, practical applications of nanohybrids from biomolecules and mesoporous materials have been paid much attention. Examples of the application of such hybrids are summarized in a later section of this chapter. 

Advanced Functions of Nanohybrids of Biomolecules and Mesoporous Materials 141... 

Nanohybrids prepared from biomolecules and mesoporous materials can be used in various applications. In this section, examples of such applications are briefly introduced. 

Nanohybrids of biomolecules and mesoporous materials have also been used for sensor application. Lin and coworkers also demonstrated gate-controlled molecular... 

Nanohybrids can be prepared in the form of intercalated layered nanocomposites produced by co-assembly of guest biomolecules in the presence of exfoliated organoclay sheets (Section 8.4), or by wrapping single biomolecules in ultrathin layers of condensed organoclay oligomers (Section 8.5). Such approaches should provide new general routes towards the development of functional biomaterials with numerous applications. 

Choy et al. have also intercalated biological macromolecules such as DNA, ATP and nucleosides into Mg/Al-NOs LDHs [189,190,194,195], where the host lattice may protect relatively delicate biomolecules from degradation and also aid their transport to specific targets within the body, and hence the intercalation reactions lead to the formation of novel bioinorganic nanohybrids with potential practical significance, such as new DNA reservoirs or carriers for the delivery of genetic material to cells [189]. 

---