Biology linear motor

Linear and rotary motors of several types are very common in biology.62 Some examples of linear motors are the myosin-actin complex present in muscles63 or the kinesin-containing systems,64 while examples of rotary motors are provided by the enzyme ATP synthase65 or the motor responsible of mobility of bacterial flagella.66... 

Fig. la-e. Biological examples of molecular motors. Motors shown in a and b are rotary motors and c-e are linear motors. Motion takes place in the direction indicated by the arrows, and diagrams are not drawn to scale (reproduced with permission from [15])... 

As is argued in Chapter 8, small, often reversible, energy excursions back and forth across the boundary between associated (water-insoluble) and dissociated (water-soluble) oil-like domains (clusters of oil-like groups) drive the protein-based machines of biology. Biology often achieves mobility by many linear motors comprised of protein, such... 

Molecular motors or machines are inspired by biological molecules such as myosin which uses the chemical energy from hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to drive the linear push-pull motion of muscle. The different coordination demands of Cu and Cu are the basis of electro-chemically induced molecular motion in a pseudorotaxane complex of copper. As shown in Scheme 2, Cu 4, the stable, four-coordinate form is oxidized to unstable Cu°4, which rearranges to the stable five-coordinate form by sliding along the ligand. Reduction of the stable Cir s... 

A molecular machine, a machine at the molecular level, is defined as a discrete number of molecular components that perform mechanical-like movements (output) in response to specific stimuli (input). Molecular machines include both naturally occurring devices found in biological systems and artificial molecular machines. There are many molecular machines in biological systems. Among the most prominent examples of molecular machines in living organisms are the muscle linear and ATPase rotary motors. In order to develop artificial machinery, scientists have constructed a variety of molecular and supramolecular systems with differences in shape, switching processes, or movements... 

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