Biocides, aldehydes resistance

Mycobacteria are generally considered to be of intermediate resistance to biocides, including aldehydes, between bacterial spores and other vegetative cells [90], Formalin, aqueous formaldehyde solution and glutaraldehyde are mycobactericidal, although some mycobacterial strains show increased resistance [90, 101, 236]. 

The penetration of biocides into viruses of different types has not been examined in any detail, nor has the interaction between viral protein and nucleic acid [53]. It is therefore difficult to provide cogent theories to explain the relative sensitivities or resistance of different types of virus to aldehydes. 

Generally, however, there is minimal experimental evidence that plasmids are responsible for the development and spread of resistance to aldehydes, and, indeed, this is largely true for most biocides [53,237],... 

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