Bio mesogenic Order-Disorder Patterns

In the classical view only membranes and their components seem tolerable, with their close bilayer similarities to thermotropic smectics and head/tail abstracted lyotropics [7a, 33p, q, 54-57]. While nucleic acids and proteins represent both structure and system individualities, membranes, as huge collectives of highly differentiated mem- 

together with carbohydrates [7 a, 60,61], the liquid crystals of the much more transparent nucleic acids [52n-w] join 

Just like the traditional and obviously difficult to overcome scattered views of proteins, nueleic acids, membranes and carbohydrates as kingdoms of their own in molecular biology [7 a, 8 c, 33 p, q], the experimental findings in these new fields of liquid-crystal research constitute at present still a dispersed mosaic of details rather than the needed adequately complex and integrative picture [7 a, 17,18], While liquid-crystal phase investigations remain preferably limited to helical aspects of only a few con- 

Molecular structure amplifications and behavior-determining phase reductions meet 

---

Figure 26. (Bio)mesogenic order-disorder patterns rather than geometric anisotropies as general preconditions for the appearance of mesophases a) classical thermotropic cyanobiphenyl nematic [25 a, 51e] and thermotropically designed steroid hormone cholesteric [17 a, c, d, 26 f, 51 a, s, u] b) protein-j3-sheet simulative diacylhydrazine smectic [17 a, c, d, 26f, 511] c) hexaalkanoyloxybenzene discoid [28 a, 51c] ending the century of rod-like dominance d) lyotropic poly(L-glutamic acid) [51 d, 52 k, 1] changing with an alkyl-disorder shell from lyotropic to thermotropic [58e] e) ds A-RNA lyotropic [52n-w, 75] f) am-photropic(L-Lys) /RNA recognition complex [17,18, 75],...

---