Imidazoles s. a. Benzimidazoles

Omeprazole 5 -Methoxy-2- [(4 -methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methyl] sulfinylj -17/-benzimidazol O-methylation, imidazole ring formation using thiourea, A-oxidation, nucleophilic displacement, A-methylation, S -oxidation... 

Pyrrolo[2,l-6]thiazoles,28,29,270-273 pyrrolo[l,2-a]imidazoles,38,274-277 pyrrolo[ l,2-a]benzimidazoles,38, 278-288 pyrrolol l,2-6]-s-triazoles,289 and pyrrolo[2,l-c]-s-triazoles290 have been prepared by this route. 

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) resins were modified with pyrazole, imidazole, and 1,2,4-triazole as shown in 32 and also with bis(benzimidazole)s [89], All resins selectively remove Cu(II) from a solution also containing Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) at pH >2.5. 

At the same time, Itami and coworkers described a very similar series of couplings of azoles (benzthiazoles, benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles, thiazoles, and imidazoles) with aryl and heteroaryl halides and triflates using nickel(ll) acetate-bipyridyl and nickel(II) acetate-dppf catalysts, with lithium t-butoxide in dioxan. The Ni(OAc)2. bipy catalyst system was optimal for aryl/heteroaryl bromides and iodides (Scheme 5.4, Table 5.3), and the Ni(OAc)2.dppf system was effective for aryl/heteroaryl chlorides and triflates (Scheme 5.5, Table 5.4). Reaction temperatures were 85°C for the former and 140°C for the latter, and in both cases 1.5 equivalents of lithium /-butox-ide was required, a considerably lower loading than required under Miura s conditions. Fortuitously, there are a number of final products common to both authors,... 

---