Benzene attack

A ground-glass joint is advisable on account of the long reflux period. Benzene attacks a rubber stopper, and pyruvic acid destroys cork. 

In the case of benzene and substituted benzene, attack of a first molecule of ozone is slow but the resulting molecule reacts more rapidly since they belong to the group of olefins. At the end of the reaction, the peroxidic compounds are unstable and contain different products coming from more than one mode of ozone attack [40-43] and competing reaction leading to perox-... 

The dearomatization of benzene requires that a resonance energy estimated at 36 kcal mol-1 be overcome [14]. For this reason, when benzene attacks an electrophile, the end result is typically a substitution product rather than an addition product. The initial cyclohexadienyl cation is unstable to deprotonation by even extremely poor bases, and it therefore loses a proton and returns to an aromatic state. 

Notice that the nitronium ion (NO2) is linear with an sp hybridized nitrogen at the centre. It is isoelectronic with CO2. It is also very reactive and combines with benzene in the way we have just described. Benzene attacks the positively charged nitrogen atom but one of the N=0 bonds must be broken at the same time to avoid five-valent nitrogen. 

Kinetic studies of the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbtSns with potassium permanganate show that reaction is first order with respect to each reactant. With toluene, oxidation takes place almost exclusively at the methyl group to give successively benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid with ethyl benzene, attack is predominantly at the alpha carbon atom to yield acetophenone and with n- and isopropylbenzene, the products are propiophenone and acetophenone, respectively, plus benzoic acid. These results are of interest primarily for mechanism studies. 

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