Benefits of organization on molecular level

This section is not intended as a list of all the benefits of interphase formation. They are the subject of this book and the properties of materials are discussed in detail in the individual chapters. It is not appropriate to identify a single property of a material as the most significant. Here are some concluding remarks and examples of other benefits. This will perhaps show that interfacial interactions are not used only for reinforcement. 

The third essential point of the cited publication also makes us realize that nature uses a very small number of compounds as building blocks (as demonstrated by the widespread presence of silica or calcium carbonate). But the natural design of these structures builds products of very diverse properties. The design differences are generally not chemical but structural. The important lesson for designers is that it is not the number of available monomers but their sequence and structural organization which imparts their unique properties. 

The amount of carbon black, its particle size and structure, the filler-matrix interaction, and the processing technique determine the electrical properties of a product. At a certain concentration of filler, the conductivity of the material increases dramatically. This concentration is known as the percolation threshold and the conductivity of the material is expressed by equation  

4 Rosenov M W K, Bell J A E, Antec 97. Conference proceedings, Toronto, April 1997, 1492-8. 

7 Kano Y, Akiyama S, Yui H, Kasemura T, Polym. Networks Blends, 7, 117-20 (1997), 

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