Bending moments per unit length

The bending moments per unit length due to the pressure load are related to the slope and deflection by ... 

In the intact pipe, the total bending moment (per unit length) M = mo + mei the maximum value occurs at B... 

In-plane forces and bending moments per unit length... 

The in-plane forces or membrane forces and bending moments per unit length, depicted in Fig. 11.39, are defined as through-thickness integrals of planar stresses, assuming that the laminate consists of perfectly bonded laminae or layers. 

Here p is the load and tn the bending moment per unit length of the shell. 

Stress resultants are defined as forces (or bending moments) per unit of length as in plate theory. Figure 4.3 shows the shell element with the stresses. Figure 4.4 shows the membrane stress resultants. The tensile forces are positive, and the... 

Flexibility and Stress-Intensification Factors. The flexibihty factor k (>1.0) is defined as the ratio between the rotation per unit length of the part in question produced by a given moment to the rotation of a straight pipe (of the same size and schedule) produced by the same moment. A close approximation of the flexibiUty factor that agrees quite well with theory and experiment for bends is as follows ... 

Membrane bending modtilus The intrinsic resistance of the membrane to changes in curvature. It is usually construed to exclude nonlocal contributions. It relates the moment resultants (force times length per unit length) in the membrane to the corresponding change in curvature (inverse length). (Units 1 Nm = 1J = 10 erg)... 

These relations display y as being primarily an energetic quantity and cr as a force per unit length, respectively. Furthermore, the bending moment B is given by ... 

Ml = the bending moment resultant on the L normal edge in the T direction per unit length in the T direction,... 

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