Beer, August

Beer, August (1825-1863) German physicist and mathematician in Bonn he published his famous book Einleitung in die hohere Optik [Introduction in Higher Optics]. 

Finally, in 1850, Auguste Beer established the relationship between concentration and optical density (the expression is now termed absorbance). This led to the Beer-Lambert law. 

The process of absorption in chemistry is often treated with Beer s law (after the German scientist August Beer (1825-1863)) rather than considering the imaginary component of the refractive index. The two approaches are equivalent. According to Beer s law, the absorption. A, of a sample is related to the concentration of the absorbing species, the optical path length, and the molar absorbtivity ... 

The quantitative aspects of spectrophotometry are based on two very similar laws. The first is Beer s law (Figure 7.16), which states that the intensity of a beam of parallel, monochromatic light decreases exponentially with the concentration of the absorbing molecules . Beer s law (named after German chemist August Beer) can be expressed mathematically as... 

August Beer (1825-1863) became a Professor of Physics in Bonn in 1855. In his Einleitung in die hohere Optik (Introduction to higher optics), published in 1854, he summarised the theory of light known at that time. 

Some 30 years later, Jean-Henri Lambert (1728-1777) proposed the first mathematical relationship the logarithm of the decrease in light intensity (today we would say the inverse of the transmittance) is equal to the product of the opacity of the medium times its thickness. Finally in 1850, Auguste Beer established a relation between concentration and optical density (now called absorbance), which led to the current form of the Beer-Lambert law (also called Lambert-Beer law or even Lambert-Beer-Bouguer law). 

Beers, D. 1991, Just say whoa Mother Jones. July/August issue, pp. 36 etseq. 

Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777) Swiss mathematician, physicist, and astronomer Berlin, Germany, t August Beer (1825-1863) German physicist and mathematician Bonn, Germany. 

Beer, H.B. (1966) Method of chemically plating base layers with precious metals of the platinum group. US Patent 3,265,526 August 9,1966. 

Returnable/Refillable Beer Bottle. In August 1999, Carlsberg A/S launched PEN retumable/refillable bottles for their Carlsberg Lager and Tuborg Green Label brands sold in Denmark (20,25). Danish law requires that all carbonated bottles filled in Denmark are returnable and refillable. Although for one-way... 

It is often found, within certain concentration limits, that the intensity of the absorption is proportional to both the concentration, c (mole per liter), and the thickness, / (centimeter), of the sample in the beam that is, the absorbance = tic, where e is defined as the molar extinction coeffident. This relationship is referred to as Beer s law or the Beer Lambert law. The law is named after August Beer (1825-1863), a lecturer in Bonn who studied optics, and Johann H. Lambert (1728-1777), a Swiss mathematician. It has been suggested that Beer s law was initially discovered by the French mathematician Pierre Bouguer (1698-1758). Lambert made reference (with attribution) to it and, much later, Beer extended it to its present form. 

August Beer, a German physicist and professor of mathematics at the University of Bonn, recognized the relationship between the absorption of light and concentration. 

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