Batch Heat Sterilization of Culture Media

By applying Equation 10.3 to heating, holding, and cooling cycles, the final number of viable cells can be estimated by 

If the degree of sterilization (Wf/Wo) and the temperature duringthe holding cycle are given, the holding time can be calculated. 

Heating with a constant rate of heat flow, for  

A = area for heat transfer t = specific heat capacity of medium H = heat content of steam relative to initial medium temperature = mass flow rate of steam At = initial mass of medium q= rate of heat transfer t = time T = temperature = initial temperature of medium = temperature of heat source and U = overall heat transfer coefficient. 

The rate of heat transfer q to the medium at T C from steam condensing at 

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