Bantustans

Pig. 107.1 South African provinces and capitals in relationship to former Bantustans. (Map produced by Susan McGrath, Brockton, MA)... 

There have also been some deliberate efforts to alter some of the spatial frameworks of apartheid era so that greater social development could occur. At the macro level this meant eliminating the Bantustan structures and introducing new provincial units, with an increased decentralization of power to that level (see Fig. 107.1). The post-apartheid constitution ceded many financial and social functions to the provincial level representing devolution of power that was needed because some of the provincial divisions do have a strong ethnic element to them. 

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