Baldwin, Ernest

Needham, Joseph and Baldwin, Ernest. Hopkins Biochemistry. W. Heffer and Sons Limited, Cambridge. 1949. 

In Joseph Needham and Ernest Baldwin Hopkins Biochemistry (p. 204)... 

One of the most interesting of such examples of biochemical evolution in action has been demonstrated by Ernest Baldwin in his study of the nitrogen-elimination mechanism. It will be remembered that we have described the problem faced by the mammal in disposing of the nitrogen produced during the breakdown of protein this nitrogen exists in the form of ammonia, and ammonia is extremely poisonous even in very small quantities. Thus the animal, in order to avoid building up lethal quantities of ammonia, converts it instead into urea and excretes it in the urine. Not all... 

To end this chapter on a more positive note, 1 should repeat that searching for adaptations that make particular enzymes best suited to their owners environments is not by any means a pointless exercise. Many years ago Ernest Baldwin wrote a book that attracted the attention of many biochemists to the interest and importance of comparing the ways different organisms cope with their environments. Since that time, Peter Hochachka and George Somero have devoted much of their careers to this subject and have discovered numerous interesting examples. However, entropy-enthalpy compensation is not one of them. 

Ernest Baldwin (1964) An Introduction to Comparative Biochemistry, 4th edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

An important aspect of this edition is the inclusion of calculational results that provide insight, often more than was anticipated, into these relatively simple reactions. I thank particularly Ernest Davidson, Ken Houk, and Wes Borden for their willingness to collaborate and for their many contributions to this science. Thanks are also due to John Baldwin for employing new experimental techniques to provide important details on a number of the pathways for some of the simplest hydrocarbons. 

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