BAKERY PROCESSES AND LEAVENING AGENTS

Yeast-raised products, Chemical leavening agents, 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

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BAKERY PROCESSES AND LEAVENING AGENTS - YEAST-RAISED PRODUCTS] (Vol 3) -vanillin in [VANILLIN] (Vol 24)... 

Bakery PROCESSES and leavening agents Flavors and spices). 

Cells of microorganisms have constituted a portion of human food siace ancient times. Yeast-leavened baked products contain the residual nutrients from the yeast cells destroyed duriag bakiag (see Bakery processes and leavening agents). Cultured dairy products, such as yogurt, buttermilk, and sour cream, contain up to lO cells of lactic acid bacteria per gram (19) (see Milk and milkproducts). Other examples of fermented foods consumed siace early times iaclude fermented meats, fish, and soybean products. 

Cream of tartar is used in baiting powder and in prepared baiting mixes (see Bakery processes and leavening agents). Its limited solubihty at low temperatures inhibits the reaction with bicarbonate until baiting temperature is reached, thus releasing a significant portion of the carbon dioxide at the optimum time. 

Potassium iodate [7758-05-6] KIO, mol wt 214.02, 59.30% I, forms white, odorless crystals or a crystalline powder. It has a density 3.98 g/mL and mp of 560°C with partial decomposition. Potassium iodate is rapidly formed when potassium iodide is fused with potassium chlorate, bromate, or perchlorate. The solubihty in water is 9.16 g/100 g H2O at 25°C and 32.2 g/100 g H2O at 100°C. KIO is extensively used as an oxidizing agent in analytical chemistry and as amaturing agent and dough conditioner (see Bakery processes and leavening agents). 

Large quantities of evaporated milk are used to manufacture ice cream, bakery products, and confectionery products (see Bakery processes and LEAVENING agents). When used for manufacturing other foods, evaporated milk is not sterilized, but placed in bulk containers, refrigerated, and used fresh. This product is caHed condensed milk. Skimmed milk may be used as a feedstock to produce evaporated skimmed milk. The moisture content of other Hquid milk products can be reduced by evaporation to produce condensed whey, condensed buttermilk, and concentrated sour milk. 

Monocalcium phosphate [10031-30-8], Ca(H2P04)2 H20, used in baking powder (see Bakery processes and leavening agents), is crystallized from a hot reaction mixture of concentrated (electric furnace) phosphoric acid and lime, or it is made by spray-drying a slurry of the product of reaction of lime and phosphoric acid (14). 

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