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Background on Turbulent Flow

It is fairly safe to state that, except for flow through porous media, the environment experiences turbulent flow. The reason that we have not used a river, lake, or the atmosphere as an application in an example in Chapter 2 is that these flows are always turbulent. The example simply would not have been realistic. To emphasize this point, we will consider the constriction of a water or air flow that would be required to have the other option, laminar flow. [Pg.97]

An experimentally based rule-of-thumb is that laminar flow often occurs when the pipe Reynolds number, Vdjv, is less than 2,000, or when an open channel Reynolds number, Vhjv, is less than 500, where V is the cross-sectional mean velocity, d is the pipe diameter, v is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, and h is the channel depth. The diameter or depth that would not be exceeded to have laminar flow by these experimental criteria is given in Table 5.1. [Pg.97]

It is convenient to divide the velocity and concentration traces into temporal mean values and fluctuating components  [Pg.98]


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