B Effectiveness as a Foaming Agent

In ionic surfactants the effectiveness of foaming appears to depend also on the nature of the counterion, those with smaller counterions showing greater initial foam heights and foam stabilities. Thus, in the dodecyl sulfate series, the effectiveness decreases with increased size of the counterion in the order NH4 (CH3)4 N+ (C2H5)4N+ C4H9)4N+ (Kondo, 1960). 

TABLE 7-2 Foaming Effectiveness of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions (Ross- 

The replacement of a straight-alkyl-chain hydrophobic group in POE nonionics by a cycloalkyl or 1-alkylcyclohexyl group with the same number of carbon atoms 

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