Avogadro s principle

Avogadro s principle rather than law, because it is based not on observation alone but also on a model of matter—namely that matter consists of molecules. Even though there is no longer any doubt that matter consists of atoms and molecules, it remains a principle rather than a law. 

Avogadro s principle Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, a given number of gas molecules occupy the same volume regardless of their chemical identity. 

Avogadro s principle is commonly expressed in the terms of the molar volume, Vm, the volume occupied per mole of molecules ... 

Avogadro s constant The number of objects per mole of objects (Na = 6.022 14 X 102 mol ). Avogadro s number is the number of objects in one mole of objects (that is, the dimensionless number 6.022 14 XlO2 ). Avogadro s principle The volume of a sample of gas at a given temperature and pressure is proportional to the amount of gas molecules in the sample V n. axial bond A bond that is perpendicular to the molecular plane in a bipyramidal molecule, axial lone pair A lone pair lying on the axis of a bipyramidal molecule. 

Avogadro, A., F39, 144 Avogadro s constant, F39 Avogadro s number, F39 Avogadro s principle, 38,... 

Historians have been much exercised to explain this half-century delay in the recognition of the application of Avogadro s principle for the solution of the atomic weight problem. It is not a part of this story to attempt a deeper explanation here, but it is appropriate to ask in a general way if anyone could have done earlier what Cannizzaro did about i860. For our purposes it is sufficient to offer two very broad general circumstances within which the many detailed factors may be subsumed. 

According to Avogadro s principle, at constant pressure and temperature, the volume is proportional to n, so, from Eq. 8 we can also write... 

Combining the above relationships and Avogadro s principle (under constant pressure andf temperature, equal volumes of gas contain the equal numbers of moleci csj nTo one equation wc obtain the Ideal Gas Law ... 

It was not until 1858 that Cannizzaro showed how Avogadro s principle accounted for the reactions of gases and a great variety of chemical combinations. Since then it has come to be recognized as one of the most fundamental laws of chemistry. It has been said that modern chemistry dates from 1858. 

Gram Molecular Volume or Molal Volume. One mole, or 32 grams of oxygen, under standard conditions occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. According to Avogadro s principle, the same volume would contain exactly 1 mole of any other gas under standard conditions this volume, therefore, assumes a great importance, and it is called the gram molecular volume or for brevity molal volume. 

Avogadro s principle. As you go over these relationships, it s really important to remember that each law assumes that all other variables associated with the gas are held constant. Now, I suppose for historical reasons all chemistry books make a point of naming all of these laws separately Fortunately for you, we can tie all of them together in one law known as the ideal gas law. Here it is ... 

I already explained the reasoning that makes Avogadro s principle a good hypothesis, and of course it s been verified many times that gases at a given pressure, volume, and temperature have the same number... 

You will apply the gas laws and Avogadro s principle to chemical equations. 

Relate numbers of particles and volumes by using Avogadro s principle. 

You are given the temperature and pressure of a gas sample and the amount of gas the sample contains. According to Avogadro s principle, 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP. The number of moles of gas should be multiplied by the conversion factor to find the... 

For more practice with Avogadro s principle problems that use moles, go to Supplemental Practice Problems in Appendix A. 

Avogadro s principle is essential to manufacturers that use gases. This factory produces ammonia. 

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