Avidin phycoerythrin

The bilin content of these fluorescent proteins ranges from a low of 4 prosthetic groups in C-phycocyanin to the 34 groups of B- and R-phycoerythrin. Phycoerythrin derivatives, therefore, can be used to create the most intensely fluorescent probes possible using these proteins. (Strept)avidin-phycoerythrin conjugates, for example, have been used to detect as little as 100 biotinylated antibodies bound to receptor proteins per cell (Zola et al., 1990). 

Avidin-biotin-PE complexes (Vectastain ABC-phycoerythrin, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Prepare according to the manufacturer s instrucdons that describe mixing a soludon of biodnylated PE with a soludon of avidin in the correct rado. 

Avidin-biotin systems. Stable and highly active protein-LB/LS film composites can be accessed using avidin-biotin conjugation techniques. Thus, sensor elements displaying biotinylated GOx and phycoerythrin, and streptavidin and av-idin conjugates of phycoerj tiirin, have been bound to avidin-lipid and biotinylated lipid-streptavidin LB films, or biotinylated lipid layers have been produced [71-73]. 

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