Atomic frame light

If the three light pulses of the pulse sequence are only separated in time, and not separated in space (i.e. if the velocity of the atoms is parallel to the laser beams), the interferometer is in a gravimeter or accelerometer configuration. In a uniformly accelerating frame with the atoms, the frequency of the driving... 

For the purposes of the present book, we have chosen to speak of atomically luminous, material dust, so precious it seems to us. It is the material frame of beings and structured things, of flesh, birds and stars. Let us not yet provoke the incomprehensible darkness as it lies sleeping in its den. Let us leave in shadow this matter which does not speak the language of light. 

Figure 30. Schematic charge-cloud distribution of atomic />-state excited by linearly polarized light with electric vector EA . Different relative alignments of Eh lead to Ict), ) states with respect to fixed coordinate frame.

We now consider the radiative decay of the excited ensemble of atoms. The angular distribution and polarisation of the emitted photons can be conveniently described in terms of the Stokes parameters I, t]i, t]2, and (Born and Wolf, 1970). The emitted photons can be observed in the direction n making polar angles 6 and azimuthal angles with respect to the collision frame (fig. 8.1). It is convenient to choose the coordinate system in which the direction of observation n of the radiation is chosen as the z axis. The polarisation vector of the photons is restricted to the plane perpendicular to n by the two unit vectors i = (0 + 90°, 0) and 2 = (0,light emitted in the direction n and I y) the intensity transmitted by a linear polariser oriented at an angle y with respect to the i-axis, then the Stokes parameters are defined by... 

One of the simplest functional groups consists of a single halogen atom, which we take to be chlorine for illustrative purposes. The chlorine atom forms a a bond to a carbon atom by overlap of its 3p orbital with a hybridized orbital on the carbon. The hybridized orbital may be sp, sp, or sp depending on the bonding in the hydrocarbon frame. Alkyl halides form when mixtures of alkanes and halogens (except iodine) are heated or exposed to light. 

---